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Suka · Ikuti Kiriman · Laporkan · 15 Desember 2012 pukul 3:52 -->
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Sabtu, 14 Januari 2012

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Mobilizing websites with responsive design and HTML5 tutorial

This is a blog post series tutorial for adapting your existing websites for mobile devices without building a separate mobile site. It shows, with examples, how with little changes in your HTML, CSS and Javascript code you can deliver much nicer user experience for small screen and mobile devices. You can make existing HTML designs more mobile friendly with selective CSS loading and HTML5 tags. Selective CSS loading with CSS3 media queries allow you to change layout depending on the browser screen size: this kind of layout is called responsive design.
The tutorial is divided to several, functionality specific, blog posts, each with screenshot examples, explanations and links for more in-depth information.
The tutorial was written in a conjunction with a consulting project for a Finnish public sector organization. As the one of the funding sources is Finnish tax money, including some of my very own pennies, it was a common interest to get the information born in the consultation project published.
Below is an example what one can accomplish.
The site landing page before any mobilization was done; the site is using the default desktop styles on mobile devices:
The site after HTML and CSS adjustments:

Prerequisites

Prerequisites for understanding this tutorial are

Table of contents

The tutorial contents is outlined below. I’ll keep linking to new blog posts as I finish writing them. Stay tuned, by following the RSS feed or Twitter.
  • Introduction (part 1)
  • Working on HTML(5) for mobile sites (part 2)
    • There is no HTML5; there is only HTML
    • Strategies for building a mobile site
    • Tools for mobile site building
    • Spoofing the development browser as mobile
    • User agent detection
    • Native apps
  • Considerations when mobilizing a legacy website (part 3)
    • Applying a hint of responsiveness on an existing layout
    • Minizing code changes and risks associated with them
  • Setting mobile browsing viewport (part 4)
  • Including mobile specific CSS with media queries (part 5)
  • Styling images for mobile with CSS width and max-width (part 6)
    • Server-side image resizing solutions
  • Styling HTML forms for mobile screens (part 7)
    • Shortcutting unnecessary user choices
    • HTML5 <input> element enhancements
  • Zoom-on-orientation-change fix for mobile devices ( part 8 )
  • Mobile web browser testing resources (part 9)
    • Accessing different mobile browsers on devices and simulators
    • Desktop web browser testing
  • Testing mobile sites on iPhone and its simulator (part 10)
  • Testing mobile sites on Android and its emulator (part 11)
  • Testing mobile sites on Firefox Mobile and Opera Mini (aftermarket browsers) (part 12)
    • Opera Mini
    • Opera (not mini)
    • Firefox Mobile (a.k.a. Fennec)
  • Testing mobile sites on Nokia Series 60 and Meego (part 13)
  • Testing mobie sites on Windows Mobile (Mango, others) (part 14)
  • Conclusion (part 15)

ONE THOUGHT ON “MOBILIZING WEBSITES WITH RESPONSIVE DESIGN AND HTML5 TUTORIAL

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hacker

Languages you should know:
CSS
HTML
PHP
JavaScript

In this tutorial we will try to create a search suggest similar to Google
using AJAX technologies.
You can see the results of this tutorial will look like by typing a search
string in Google.
This tutorial will consis three files,
1. An HTML page for presenting the suggest search box
2. A JavaScript file for handling the AJAX
3. And a server side PHP script that will return the suggested searches.

Ok lets start.

Let say we are searching for a member in our site and let the members table is
created like this

CREATE TABLE 'members' {
    'id' int(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    'username' VARCHAR(255) DEFAULT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY ('id')
}
you can add as many values as you like. But in this tutorial we will only have
an id and a username just for example purposes.
In the uploaded file you can find the ajaxsuggest.sql file. You can just import
that file to MySql and see the results.

THE HTML

The HTML page is pretty straight forward. There is one form with a textbox for
entering the query a submitting button and a DIV that we will display our suggested
searches in.

<form id="fsearch" action="http://www.yourdomain.com/search.php">
    <input type="text" id="tstSearch" name="txtSearch onkeyup="searchSuggest();" autocomplete="off" />
    <input type="submit" id="btnSearch" name="btnSearch" value="Search" />
    <div id="searchsuggest">
    </div>
</form>

I guess the only new thing around here is the "autocomplete=off" command, this just stops browsers from
listing a set of terms that you have recently entered in the textbox.
The DIV with id="searchsuggest" is used to show the suggested items.
The DIV and some elements that we are going to be using in the future need some styling.
So we include a CSS file
    <style type="text/css" media="screen">
    body {
        font: 11px arial;
    }
    .suggest_link {
        background-color: #FFFFFF;
        padding: 2px 6px 2px 6px;
    }
    .suggest_link_over {
        background-color: #3366CC;
        padding: 2px 6px 2px 6px;
    }
    #searchsuggest {
        position: absolute;
        background-color: #FFFFFF;
        text-align: left;
        border: 1px solid #000000;            
    }        
    </style>
THE JAVASCRIPT

Now it is time for Ajax stuff. We are going to place all our JavaScript code in an
external file called ajax_suggest.js.
The following function in the JavaScript envolves Ajax and it simply return a browser
specific XmlHttpRequest object.
    // gets the browser specific XmlHttpRequest Object
    function get_XmlHttpRequestObject() {
        if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
                return new XMLHttpRequest();
                
            } else if(window.ActiveXObject)
            {
                return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
            } else {
                    alert("Upgrade Your Browser");
            }
    }

The following variavle declaration createss our XMLHttpRequest object that will
be used to make the suggestion requests.
var ReqObj = get_XmlHttpRequestObject();

Now we wil create the function that actually make the AJAX requests.
    // Called from keyup on the search textbox
    //Starts the ajax request
    function Suggest() {
        if (ReqObj.readyState == 4 || ReqObj.readyState == 0) {
        var str = escape(document.getElementById('txtSearch').value);
        ReqObj.open("GET", 'searchSuggest.php?search=' + str, true);
        ReqObj.onreadystatechange = handleSearchSuggest;
        ReqObj.send(null);
    }    
    }
As you can see in the form this function is called every time a key is pressed in the search textbox.
I think the above function is clear for a person who know JavaScript.
The first line is just to check if XMLHttpRequest object is ready to make a request.
The second line just get the value fomr the search text box and URL encodes it by
using the JavaScript escape function.
The next like opens the connection to our backend PHP page with the appended search
querystring and marks it as a "GET" request. We could pass this as a "POST", but since
security isn't an issue well leave it as a simple "GET".
The handleSearchSuggest function is called every time the state of our ReqObj XmlHttpRequest
object changes.

//called when the AJAX response is returned
function handleSearchSuggest() {
    if (ReqObj.readyState == 4) {
        var ss = document.getElementById('search_suggest')
        ss.innerHTML = '';
        var str = ReqObj.responseText.split("\n");
        for(i=0; i < str.length - 1; i++) {
            //Build our element string.  This is cleaner using the DOM, but
            //IE doesn't support dynamically added attributes.
            var suggest = '<div onmouseover="javascript:suggestOver(this);" ';
            suggest += 'onmouseout="javascript:suggestOut(this);" ';
            suggest += 'onclick="javascript:setSearch(this.innerHTML);" ';
            suggest += 'class="suggest_link">' + str[i] + '</div>';
            ss.innerHTML += suggest;
        }
    }
}
// mouse over function
function suggestOver(div_value) {
        div_value.className = 'suggest_link_over';
}
// mouse out function
function suggestOut(div_value) {
        div_value.className = 'suggest_link';
}
// click function
function setSearch(value) {
        document.getElementById('txtSearch').value = value;
        document.getElementById('searchsuggest').innerHTML='';
}
The above function is clear, the backend php will return suggestions separated with a newline,
this function just handles them.
And the rest two are very easy.

THE BACKEND PHP

Here is the php code
<?php

$link=mysql_connect('localhost','root','') or die (mysql_error());
$db_select = mysql_select_db("tutorial") or die (mysql_error());
if(!$db_select){
    die("database selection failed" . mysql_error());
    }
///Make sure that a value was sent.
if (isset($_GET['search']) && $_GET['search'] != '') {
    //Add slashes to any quotes to avoid SQL problems.
    $search = addslashes($_GET['search']);
    
    $query = "SELECT distinct(username) as members FROM members WHERE username like('" .
        $search . "%') ORDER BY username";
    $result = mysql_query($query,$link);
    if(!$result){
        die("database failed " . mysql_error());
    }
    while($suggest = mysql_fetch_array($result)) {
        
        echo $suggest['members'] . "\n";
    }
}
?>

Well the above code is really simple, it just return the suggested items in array concatinated with a new line!

now that we are done try searching se7en in the search box.

I hope you enjoy this tutorial.